Prevalensi Tuberkulosis Paru di Indonesia 2007 dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi

MISNADIARLY

Puslitbang Biomedis dan Farmasi Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Abstract

National prevalence of the lung Tuberculosis in Indonesia in 2007 years was 400/100.000 population, with the highest prevalence in Banten (1100/100.000 population) and the lowest prevalence was found in: Lampung, Bangka Belitung (100 /100.000 population).

The higher Tb infection rate associated with some factors, such as nutritional status, education, old age (elderly), DM history, smoking, etc.

The objective of the study was to determine the factors that initiate TB infection that can be used as basic data for TB control and eradication methods in Indonesia. The method used for this study was cross-sectional with analytic descriptive design from 973.136 respondents from 28 province in Indonesia. The dependent variable was Tb and the independent variables were age, sex, education, occupation, nutritional/Index mass body status, residence or live in rural or urban areas and DM history. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were used with design complex sample logistic regression. This study indicated that the predominant factor which influenced high rates of pulmonary Tb cases was DM, and followed by nutritional status, education, occupation, smoking, old age or elderly, and sex. It can be concluded that previous of TB control and eradication in Indonesia, other diseases and bad habits should be overcame, i.e., DM, smoking habit, improve the nutritional status, and improve the education. The other factors that should be considered were socio-economic status, AIDS, healthy house and environment. Other, the area with the higher lung TB important the most program development as in the Banten, west Papua 1000/10.000 population.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, independent factors, Tb control, Tb eradication, Indonesia  

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mencari faktor yang berhubungan dengan infeksi tuberkulosis yang bisa digunakan sebagai metoda pengendalian dan pembasmian TB di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2007 yang mempunyai 973.136 repsonden dari 28 provinsi di Indonesia. Sebagai variabel dependen adalah status Tb, sedang variabel independennya adalah umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, BMI, tinggal di kota atau desa, dan riwayat DM.

Analisis penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang dominan terhadap angka kesakitan Tb yang tinggi adalah DM diikuti dengan status gizi (BMI), pendidikan, pekerjaan, merokok, umur, dan jenis kelamin. Jadi, untuk mengendalian dan membasmi Tb, penyakit DM harus dikontrol, perilaku merokok perlu distop, gizi dan pendidikan perlu diperbaiki. Faktor lain yang perlu diperhatikan adalah status sosio-ekonomi, AIDS, dan lingkungan rumah.

Kata Kunci: Tuberkulosis, faktor independen, pengendalian Tb, pembasmian Tb, Indonesia

(Misnadiarly, Medika 2009, Tahun ke XXXV, No. 12, p. 810-815)

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